What is Teratozoospermia?

Teratozoospermia is a medical condition characterized by the presence of a high percentage of abnormally shaped sperm (teratospermia) in a man's semen. Sperm normally have a distinctive oval shape with a head and a tail, which enables them to swim effectively and fertilize an egg. In teratozoospermia, a significant proportion of the sperm have irregular shapes, which can impair their ability to move properly and penetrate an egg for fertilization.

Teratozoospermia is one of the factors that can contribute to male infertility. It is typically diagnosed through a semen analysis or sperm morphology assessment, where a sample of semen is examined under a microscope to determine the percentage of normal-shaped sperm.

The exact cause of teratozoospermia can vary and may be due to genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, infections, environmental factors, or lifestyle choices. In some cases, the cause may not be readily apparent.

Treatment options for teratozoospermia depend on its underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In cases where it's related to lifestyle factors like smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or drug use, making healthy lifestyle changes may improve sperm morphology. If there's an underlying medical condition, such as a hormonal imbalance, treating that condition may also help. In some cases, assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used to overcome fertility issues associated with teratozoospermia. Consulting with a fertility specialist or urologist is recommended for individuals or couples facing fertility challenges related to this condition.